1. The publisher will accept a computer printout along with an electronic version on media or sent to [email protected]
2. The electronic version should include a folder with the text of the study and a separate folder with the source files of the drawings included in the text.
3. The text saved in the electronic version must be identical to the computer printout.
4. The volume of the work should be in accordance with the volume reported earlier in the plan (the volume of the work is calculated in author sheets. 1 author’s sheet contains 40,000 typographical characters. A typographic character is considered any letter, number, punctuation mark and space between words).
5. The typescript should meet the following requirements:
   • MS Word file,
   • A4 format, margins: left – 2 cm, right – 3.5 cm, top and bottom – about each. 2.5 cm,
   • Times New Roman font, size 12 pt, line spacing 1.5,
   • avoid highlighting in the text, typed pages should be numbered.
6. The typescript should be complete, i.e. it should include:
   • A title page with the name of the author(s) or scientific editor and the title of the paper,
   • if the work is authored by at least two people, the parts written by each author should be listed on a separate page,
   • Table of contents including chapter titles up to the third degree (e.g., 1, 2; 1.1, 1.2; 1.1.1, 1.1.2)
   • list of literature,
   • Foreign-language abstracts with keywords (if required).

GENERAL RULES FOR PREPARING AN APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY IN APA 7 STYLE AND EXAMPLES OF HOW TO CITE IT IN THE TEXT

LIST OF LITERATURE (BIBLIOGRAPHY)

General principles

1. The bibliography should list only those publications cited by the author in the text. Do not include publications cited after another author in the bibliography.
2. Descriptions of publications are arranged in alphabetical order by the names of authors, causal institutions or by the titles of publications (when no author is given), individual bibliographic items should not be numbered.
3. The APA 7 style bibliography lists up to 20 names:
   Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Nelson, T. P., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., . Lee, L. H. (2018)
4. Works by a single author are listed by year of publication, from oldest to newest. Works without the year of publication (marked in the bibliography as n.d. – no date) are placed before works with the year of publication, works in print – after works with the year of publication.
5. If there are several papers by the same author published in the same year, insert lowercase letters a, b, c, d, etc. after the year of publication (with no space between the year and the letter), with the individual descriptions of papers published in the same year arranged alphabetically by title:
   Nowak, E. (n.d.). Financial analysis. EU. www.ue.wroc.pl/app/art
   Nowak, E. (2017). Analysis of financial statements. Published by the University of Economics in Wroclaw.
   Nowak, E. (2019a). Financial analysis. Publisher of the Wroclaw University of Economics.
   Nowak, E. (2019b). E-learning. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

Entries in works published in the Polish language

BOOK

Nowak, E. (2017). Analysis of financial statements. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

Nowak, E. (2019a). Financial analysis. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

Nowak, E. (2019b). E-learning. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

Nowak, E., Kotapski, R., Kes, Z., and Klinowski, M. (2017). Management accounting. Difin.

Sullivan, B. A., Snyder, M., and Sullivan, J. L. (2008). Cooperation: the Political Psychology of Effective Human Interaction. Blackwell.

BOOK WITH INSTITUTIONAL AUTHOR
Central Statistical Office. (2016). Quality of life in Poland.

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bernat, T. i Augustynowicz, E. (2024). Ocena nowelizacji „Polskiego Ładu” 2.0: analiza symulacyjna zmian w zakresie podatku dochodowego i składki zdrowotnej. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 68(2), 148-159. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2024.2.12

BOOK UNDER REDACTION
Kowalski, J. and Nowak, L. (eds.). (2018). Fundamentals of marketing. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

CHAPTER IN THE COLLECTIVE WORK
Jankiewicz, A. (1990). About emotions in a different way. In P. Kowalski (ed.), Emotions and motivations (vol. 3, pp. 235-302). PWN.

ENTRY IN DICTIONARY
PWN. (n.d.). Rationality. In: encyclopedia PWN. Retrieved February 26, 2023 from https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/racjonalnosc3965198.html

Entries in works published in English

In bibliographic descriptions of publications published abroad, the spelling of abbreviations of terms such as editor, edition, number, etc. in the language of the text is mandatory.

1. In bibliographic descriptions of publications published abroad, it is mandatory to spell the abbreviations of the terms “editor”, “edition”, “number” in the language of the text.
2. Titles of publications should be written in capital letters except for conjunctions.
3. If the work has no year of publication, the notation n.d. is used. (meaning no date).
4. In electronic sources, the owner of the site or the full name should be indicated before the www address – see. Text marked in red in the examples. If the site name and author are the same, then the site name is omitted (see the last three examples in the ELECTRONIC SOURCES section).

BOOK

Nowak, E., Kotapski, R., Kes, Z., & Klinowski, M. (2017). Management accounting. Difin.

Drelich-Skulska, B., Domiter, M., & Jankowiak, A. H. (n.d.). International Business. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

BOOK EDITED BY

Drelich-Skulska, B., Domiter, M., & Jankowiak, A. H. (Eds.). (2018). International Business. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.

CHAPTER IN A COLLECTIVE WORK

Jankiewicz, A. (1990). About emotions in a different way. In P. Kowalski (Ed.), Emotions and motivations (vol. 3, pp. 235-302). XYZ Publishing.

Palmer, F. (2007). Treaty Principles and Maori Sport: Contemporary Issues. In C. Collins, & S. Jackson (Eds.), Sport in Your Life (pp. 307-334). Thomson.

ARTICLE IN AN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE JOURNAL

Agrawal, K., & Maheshwari, J. (2014). Default Risk Modelling Using Macroeconomic Variables. Journal of Indian Business Research, 6(4), 270-285. https://doi.org/10.23.1000.01

LEGAL ACTS

Law of July 27, 2005. – Law on Higher Education (Journal of Laws of 2005, No. 164, item 1365, as amended).

Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the Right of CitiZens of the Union and Their Family Members To Move and Reside Freely Within the Territory of the Member States Amending Regulation (EEC) No 1612/68 and Repealing Directives 64/221/EEC, 68/360/EEC, 72/194/EEC, 73/148/EEC, 75/34/EEC, 75/35/EEC, 90/364/EEC, 90/365/EEC and 93/96/EEC (OJ L 2004, 158/77)

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

DOI should be written in the format: https://doi.org/(identifier), e.g.. Brück, M. (2009). Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy: Stars and Satellites. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2

Author publicationdate:
Stafford, T. (2018, January 3). The Backfire Effect is Elusive. Mind Hacks. https:/mindhacks.com/2018/01/03/the-backfire-effect-is-elusive/

Author’s publication without download date
Johnson, A. (n.d.). “It Doesn’t Need To Be This Way”: The Promise of Specialized Early Intervention in Psychosis Services. IEPA. https://iepa.org.au/network-news/it-doesnt-need-to-be-this-way-the-promise-ofspecialised-early-intervention-in-psychosis-services/

Publication with institutional author without publication date
Association of Massage Therapists. (n.d.). Benefits of Massage. http://www.amt.org.au/massage-andyou/benefits-of-massage.html

Publication with institutional author with download date and no year of publication.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (n.d.). Population Clock. Retrieved January 22, 2020, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument

Publikacja z autorem instytucjonalnym bez daty pobrania, ale z datą wydania
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Population Clock. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument

DICTIONARY ENTRY

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Self-report. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://example.org/path

Rules for citing literature in the text

1. Please cite edited works without “(ed./ed.)”:
   Literature entry:
   Kowalski, J. and Nowak, L. (eds.). (2018). Fundamentals of marketing. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics & Business.
   Citation in text: (Kowalski and Nowak, 2018).
2. In APA 7, references to works having 3 or more authors are written according to the formula: (Name of first author, et al, year).
   Notation in the literature: Drelich-Skulska, B., Domiter, M., & Jankowiak, A. H. (Eds.). (2018). International Business. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics
   Citation in text: (Drelich-Skulska et al., 2018).
3. Citation of the law in the text: (Law of July 27, 2005…).
4. Publication citation with corporate author and without year of publication: (Australian Bureau of Statistics, n.d.; CSO, n.d.).
5. Citing several works having the same author and a different year of publication – a comma is used between the years of publication: (Nowak, 2000, 2022, 2023).
6. Citing works by one author and the same year of publication: (Nowak 2000a, 2000b)
7. Citing works by several different authors – a semicolon is used between works, and literature items should be listed alphabetically: (Argwal, 2000; Bethany, 2000; Zagórny, 2012).
8. Citing a work may include a reference to its specific place, such as a page, chapter or table. An indication of a specific place in the cited work should be placed after the year of publication: (Crawley, 2005, p. 34; Wisniewska, 2016, Chapter 4). For verbatim citations, the text of the citation should be enclosed in quotation marks, and the reference should additionally include the page number.

1. Journals of the Wroclaw University of Economics should use bibliographic footnotes in the APA system, i.e. (Kowalski, 2018), unless other arrangements are made for a particular journal. Details of compiling a literature list and citing it – in the Literature tab.
2. If the work establishes lower bibliographic footnotes, the general rules apply: if the author refers to a work already described in a footnote, its title should be replaced by the abbreviation of the edition of the citation; if the bibliographic footnotes refer to at least two works by a given author, the initial words of the title should be given to avoid ambiguity. In footnotes, the order is: initial of first name, last name (the opposite of the literature list), etc.
3. Subject footnotes should be placed at the bottom of the pages.
4. Continuous numbering should be maintained within an article or within a chapter. If there are few footnotes throughout the work, numbering can be used throughout the work.

Articles submitted to the journal should have:

• abstract in Polish and English (a self-contained text of about 100 words, which, when read separately from the rest of the work, is supposed to inform about its content; it should contain such elements as the formulation of the research objective, identification of the object of research, the essence of the method used, the most important results and conclusions). Detailed requirements for the volume of abstracts are provided on the website of the respective journal.
• Keywords (min 3, max 5) in Polish and English

Abstracts in English should be attached to habilitation monographs (about 1 page of B5 format).

1. Tables and figures should be included in the text as close as possible to where they are referenced.
2. For each quoted table and figure, indicate the source or “compiled based on”.
3. Tables and figures, including the title and source, should fit in a text column, i.e., in a column measuring (after formatting) 13 x 19 cm.
4. The drawing should be prepared on a white background.
5. Individual elements of the drawing can be made in shades of gray such that the text contained therein is legible.
6. The text on the drawing should be written in Times New Roman 9 pt font, single spacing.
7. Drawings should be prepared in Corel, Word or Excel (with data attached) in a print-ready form with the possibility of making corrections after editorial editing.
8. Drawings made in Word should be grouped together,
9. In Excel charts with a large amount of data, use pattern fill instead of colors.

Always use an equation editor to write text that contains mathematical symbols and formulas (this also applies to the marks contained in the text of a paragraph, such as. “zmienne x i x₂ są wówczas równe”).

Authors should include alt texts for all figures, charts, and other elements with non-textual representations.

Alt text writing guide: https://journals.ue.wroc.pl/pn/libraryFiles/downloadPublic/27

Alt text writing guide (mirror): https://wydawnictwo.uew.pl/wp-content/uploads/sites/32/2025/08/Teksty-alternatywne-poradnik.pdf

At Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics nad Business we promote responsible and transparent usage of AI (artificial intelligence) and ML (machine learning) tools and technologies. Authors interested in publishing with us, should keep in mind our guidelines and recommendations.

You can:

• Use AI/ML tools as a search engine, to assist with literature review and searching for sources.
• Use AI/ML to assist you with writing in terms of grammar, style and language.
• Use it for data science purposes, crunching large datasets, generating summaries and looking for outliers.
• Study AI/ML tools as a subject of your research.

You shouldn’t:

• Send AI generated submissions, or generate any substantial (e.g. a whole chapter) parts of your work.
• Use AI or machine translation to translate your entire submission from other language into English.
• Generate fake citations and references.

Please disclose your AI/ML usage when submitting your work (e.g. in a message for editors). Keep in mind that your work is expected to be original and written by you. Not disclosing any substantial AI usage in your submission may be a cause for rejection.